Friday, 11 December 2015

11 DEC 1783 PESHWA RAGHOBADADA 

Raghunathrao

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Shreemant Raghunathrao Ballal Peshwa
Shreemant Peshwa
Ragonath Row Ballajee.jpg
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg Peshwa of Maratha Empire
In office
1773–1774
MonarchRajaram II
Preceded byNarayanrao
Succeeded byMadhavarao Narayan
Personal details
BornDecember 8, 1734
DiedDecember 11, 1783 (aged 49)
NationalityIndian
ReligionHinduism
Shreemant Raghunathrao Ballal Peshwa (aka Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari[1])(b. 18 Aug.1734 – d. 11 Dec.1783) was Peshwa of the Maratha Empire from 1773 to 1774. He is credited with expanding the Maratha Kingdom to include far-flung areas such as Attock in present-day Pakistan,[2] but is also considered to have caused the downfall of the Peshwa Dynasty. He is nicknamed as Ragho Bharari since he is instrumental in planting the triumphant Hindu Maratha flag till Attock in present-day Pakistan.[3]

Early life[edit]

Raghunathrao, also known as "Raghoba","Raghoba Dada" and "Ragho Bharari," was the younger brother of Nanasaheb Peshwa. His father was Peshwa Bajirao I & mother was Kashibai. Raghunathrao was born in Mahuli near Satara on 1 August 1734. Much of his childhood was spent in Satara.
In his early years he fought with great success in the north. His first expedition during 1753–1755 was concluded by an advantageous treaty with Jat. In his second expedition he expanded the Maratha Empire toPeshawar (now in Pakistan) until 1760. He is favorably remembered by Hindus for the fact that during that expedition he brought an end to Muslim rule at Hindu religious places such as Mathura, Vrindavan, Gaya,Kurukshetra. Raghunathrao imprisoned Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur and made Alamgir II Emperor in his place.
Ahmad Shah Durrani (of present-day Afghanistan) approached Punjab in 1760 and defeated Dattaji Scindia in battle of Barari Ghat near modern-day Delhi, dattaji was also killed in battle.To counter this Raghunathrao was supposed to go north to handle the situation. Raghunathrao asked for large amount and an army, which was denied by Sadashivrao Bhau who was Diwan of Peshwa, so he declined to go. Sadashivrao Bhau was there upon made commander in chief of the Maratha Army,under whom the Battle of Panipat was fought.
After the maratha defeat at Third Battle of Panipat and his brother's death in 1761, Raghunathrao had decided to seize the Peshwa throne for himself, but instead the throne was passed on to Madhavrao I, son ofNanasaheb.

Regency[edit]

He was appointed as a regent to the young Peshwa, but tried to interfere with the administration. He soon fell out of favour with the Peshwa, and even tried to conspire against him by joining the Nizam of Hyderabadagainst the Peshwa. The alliance was defeated at Ghodegaon, and Raghunathrao was placed under house arrest. After Madhavrao I's death in 1772, Raghunathrao was released from house arrest. He then became the regent of Madhavrao's younger brother Narayanrao. Together with his wife Anandibai, he had his nephew Narayanrao murdered. Anandibai herself was very cruel and cunning in her ways.
Legend has it that when the assassins attacked the young Peshwa, he ran to Raghoba crying "Kaakaa malaa waachwaa" (Uncle, save me). His cry fell on deaf ears and Raghoba stood by as his nephew was killed. After Narayanrao's murder, Raghoba became Peshwa, but he was shortly overthrown by Nana Phadnis and 11 other administrators in what is called "The Baarbhaai Conspiracy" (Conspiracy by the Twelve).
At Kasegaon near Pandharpur the first battle between the Baarbhai and Raghobadada took place in 1774. He then went to Khambhat with hope of getting help from the British, who did not help but transported him to Surat from their ship.
At Surat a treaty was signed between Raghunathrao and the British East India Company on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty it was decided that Thane, Vasai and Sashti were to be handed over to the British, and in return the Company would assist Raghunathrao to become the Peshwa.[4]
However, the Company was not yet ready for war, so that the treaty between the Baarbhai and the Company was signed at Purandar. After the Treaty of Purandar (1776), the Company openly distanced itself from Raghunathrao and asked him to live as their pensioner. But due to the fear of the Baarbhai, Raghunathrao was unhappy to leave Surat and in fact the Company did not insist on it, so he kept on living there.
In 1776, Raghunathrao unsuccessfully tried to get help from the Portuguese. After that he came to Bombay. During that period Company gave him Rs 15000. At the Battle of Talegaon, the East India Company was defeated. A treaty was signed at Vadgaonaccording to which Raghunathrao's claim on the position of Peshwa was rescinded.

Death and aftermath[edit]

Raghunathrao died in 11 December 1783 of unknown causes. He had two sons Bajirao II and Chimajirao II, also known as Bhaskar. He was appointed in the ministry when Madhavrao surrendered to Raghunathrao, but died in an accident soon after (reference:Swami by Ranjit Desai). Bajirao II became Peshwa in 1800.[citation needed]

Preceded by
Narayanrao		Peshwa
1773–1774		Succeeded by
Madhavarao Narayan

See Also[edit]

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