Tuesday, 1 December 2015

23rd JAN 1897 - 16th SEP 1985 SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE_GUMNAMI BABA FAIZABAD UTTAR PRADESH










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Life History of Subhash Chandra Bose : Father of the Indian Freedom


Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose : Father of the Indian Freedom
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose : Father of the Indian Freedom

Index

Preface

        Subhash Chandra Bose was one of India’s greatest freedom fighter. He revived the Indian National Army, popularly known as ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ in 1943 which was initially formed in 1942 by Rash Behari Bose. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose had visited London during pre-independence period to discuss the future of India, with the members of the Labor party. His sudden disappearance from Taiwan, led to surfacing of various theories, unfortunately none of which were investigated thoroughly by successive governments; leaving people in the dark about one of the most beloved leaders India has ever produced.

Life history of Subhash Chandra Bose

        Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January, 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. Janakinath Bose was one of the successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of “Rai Bahadur”. He, later became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.
        Subhash Chandra Bose was a very intelligent and sincere student but never had much interest in sports. He passed his B.A. in Philosophy from the Presidency College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. He also adored Vivekananda as his spiritual Guru.

Start of the opposition to British by Subhash Chandra Bose

        Subhash Chandra Bose decided to take revenge, after reading so many incidents about the exploitation of the fellow Indians by the British. In 1916, Subhash reportedly beat and thrashed one of his British teachers E F Otten. The professor made a racist remark against the Indian students. As a result, Subhash Chandra Bose was expelled from the Presidency College and banished from Calcutta University. The incident brought Subhash in the list of rebel-Indians. In December 1921, Bose was arrested and imprisoned for organizing a boycott of the celebrations to mark the Prince of Wales’s visit to India.

Subhash Chandra Bose in Britain for ICS and return to India


Subhash Chandra Bose at young age
Subhash Chandra Bose at young age

        Subhash Chandra Bose’s father wanted him to become a civil servant and therefore, sent him to England to appear for the Indian Civil Service Examination. Bose was placed fourth with highest marks in English. But his urge for participating in the freedom movement was intense that in April 1921, Bose resigned from the coveted Indian Civil Service and came back to India. Soon, he left home to become an active member of India’s independence movement. He, later joined the Indian National Congress, and also elected as the president of the Youth wing party.

Subhash Chaandra Bose with Congress

        Subhash Chandra Bose worked under the leadership of Chittaranjan Das, an active member of Congress in Calcutta. It was Chittaranjan Das, who along with Motilal Nehru, left Congress and founded the Swaraj Party in 1922. Subhash would regard Chittaranjan Das as his political guru.
        While Chittaranjan Das was busy in developing the national strategy, Subhash Chandra Bose played a major role in enlightening the students, youth and labourers of Calcutta. He was eagerly waiting to see India, as an independent, federal and republic nation.

Subhash Chandra Bose Vs. Congress

        In freedom struggle congress was large organisation. Subhash Chandra Bose became a strong leader in Congress and he made brave attempt to mould the entire party differently. Congress party was always lenient and never in a position to oppose. Saubhashbabu outrightly opposed this behaviour. This opposition was against Gandhi‘s philosophy. Therefore Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders were hurt and since then they opposed him.
        Congress party had undertaken a mission of opposing his every thought, insulting him and to stifle his highflying ambitions. In this manoeuvre of congress many a time he felt suffocated. Once there was a picture of ‘Subhash Chandra Bose against entire congress party’. It was first election of congress that time. Usually closer aide of Mahatma Gandhi used to get elected; but this time Subhash Chandra Bose got elected with higher votes. This insulted Gandhi group, which lead to their less interest of thinking towards parties campaign for independence.
        In order to acknowledge outside support and get freedom he journeyed to far away Germany, Japan when it was period of 2nd world war! He decided to induce soldiers from outside to get freedom. Nehru at that time said “If Subhash would bring soldiers from outside and enter India, then I would be the first person to wield a sword and oppose him.” That was the extent to which he detested Subhash babu.

Formation of Azad Hind Fauj by Subhash Chandra Bose


Netaji with Azad Hind Fauj
Netaji with Azad Hind Fauj

        Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was against rendering any kind of help to the British during the World War II. He warned them so. The second World War broke out in September of 1939, and just as predicted by Bose, India was declared as a warring state (on behalf of the  British) by the Governor General, without consulting Indian leaders. The Congress party was in power in seven major states and all state governments resigned in protest.
        Subhash Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. To him, it made no sense  to further bleed  poor Indians for the sake of colonial and imperial nations.  There was a tremendous response to his call and the British promptly imprisoned him . He took to a hunger-strike, and after his health deteriorated on the 11th day of fasting, he was freed and was placed under house arrest. The British could do nothing except locking him in the prison.
        It was in 1941, that Subhash Chandra Bose suddenly disappeared. The authorities did not come to know for many days that he was not in his Barrack (the house in which he was being guarded). He traveled by foot, car and train and resurfaced in Kabul (now in Afghanistan), only to disappear once again.  In November 1941, his broadcast from German radio sent shock waves among the British and electrified the Indian masses who realized that their leader was working on a master plan to free their motherland. It also gave fresh confidence to the revolutionaries in India who were challenging the British in many ways.
        The Axis powers (mainly Germany) assured Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose military and other help to fight the British. Japan by this time had grown into another strong world power, occupying key colonies of Dutch, French, and British colonies in Asia. Netaji Bose had struck alliance with Germany and Japan. He rightly felt that his presence in the East would help his countrymen in freedom struggle and second phase of his saga began. It is told that he was last seen on land near Kiel canal in Germany, in the beginning of 1943. A most hazardous journey was undertaken by him under water, covering thousands of miles,  crossing enemy territories. He was in the Atlantic, the Middle East, Madagascar and the Indian ocean. Battles were being fought over land, in the air and there were mines in the sea. At one stage he traveled 400 miles in a rubber dingy to reach a Japanese submarine, which took him to Tokyo. He was warmly received in Japan and was declared the head of the Indian army, which consisted of  about 40,000 soldiers from Singapore and other eastern regions. These soldiers were united by another great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari handed over them to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. Netaji Bose called it the Indian National Army (INA) and a government by the name “Azad Hind Government”  was declared on the 21st of October 1943. INA freed the Andaman and Nicobar islands from the British and were renamed as Swaraj and Shaheed islands. The Government started functioning.
        Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to free India from the Eastern front. He had taken care that Japanese interference was not present from any angle. Army leadership, administration and communications were managed by Indians only. Subhash Brigade, Azad Brigade and Gandhi Brigade were formed. INA marched through Burma and occupied Coxtown on the Indian Border. A touching scene ensued when the solders entered their ‘free’ motherland. Some lay down and kissed, some placed pieces of  mother earth on their heads, others wept. They were now inside India and were determined to drive out the British! Delhi Chalo (Let’s march to Delhi) was the war cry.
        The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki changed the history of mankind. Japan had to surrender.

Effect of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s earlier visits to England

        During his sojourn to England, he met with the leaders of British Labor Party and political thinkers including Clement Attlee, Arthur Greenwood, Harold Laski, G.D.H. Cole, and Sir Stafford Cripps. Bose also discuss with them about the future of India. It must also be noted that it was during the regime of the Labor Party (1945-1951), with Attlee as the Prime Minister, that India gained independence.

Disappearance of Subhash Chandra Bose

        Although it was believed that Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash, his body was never recovered. There have been many theories put forward regarding his disappearance. The government of India set up a number of committees to investigate the case and come out with truth.
        In May 1956, the Shah Nawaz Committee visited Japan to look into the situation of Bose’s assumed death. Citing their lack of political relations with Taiwan, the Centre, did not seek for the assistance from their government. The reports of Justice Mukherjee Commission, tabled in Parliament on 17 May, 2006 said, “Bose did not die in the plane crash and the ashes at Renkoji temple are not his”. However, the findings were rejected by the government of India.
References :

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German activities in Indian border areas

Why would Hitler send a car as a gift to the King of Nepal?
Behind that is an interesting history of manoeuvrings by European powers in Asia. The Tibetan kingdom, sought to counter-balance the British and the Chinese power, by increasing Japanese-German presence. Result – German activity in the Nepal, Sikkim and Tibet region was significant in the 1920-1940 period.
Dr.R.Wilhelm Filchner was an early German traveller in Tibet, China and North West India in 1903-195. Filchener’s second expedition, in 1924 took longer, covered greater distances with more complications. Albert Von Le Coq’s (the German versionof Auriel Stein) book in 1928 covered North-West India, Tiber, North-East China, Eastern Iran region. Paul Dahlke, set up theBuddhistisches Haus at Berlin in 1924.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet

File:Indian,German and Turkish delegates of Niedermayer Mission.jpg
Indian,German_and_Turkish_delegates_of_Niedermayer_Mission 1915 during 1st world war
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedermayer-Hentig_Expedition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedermayer-Hentig_Expeditionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niedermayer-Hentig_Expedition
1914 and 1917 to initiate a Pan-Indian rebellion against the British Raj during World War I. The conspirators included radical nationalists in India, the Ghadar Party in the United States and the Indian independence committee in Germany.Among other plans that were considered at the time were large scale conspiracies in June 1915 to assassinate the Foreign Secretary Lord Grey and War minister Lord Kitchener.In October 1914, German Vice Consul E.H von Schack in San Francisco approved the arrangements for funds and armaments. $200,000 worth of small arms and ammunition were acquired by the German military attaché CaptainFranz von Papen through Krupp agents, and arranged for its shipment to India The Hindu German Conspiracy Trial opened in 1917 in the United States on charges of gun running and at the time was one of the lengthiest and most expensive trials in American legal history
There is a certain amount of mysticism and occult elements also. Theodore Illion (German writer of a strange traveller’s account titled Darkness Over Tibet) wrote of mystics in underground cities, who would help the Aryans to conquer and rule the world. The names of Friedrick Krohn and Karl Haushofer are also related to this genre.
Mahendra Pratap (centre) at the head ofthe Mission with the German and Turkish delegates in Kabul, 1915. Seated to his right is Werner Otto von Hentig.
File:1915 Singapore Mutiny Memorial Tablet.jpg
1915_Singapore_Mutiny_Memorial_Tablet
read also:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny
The 1915 Singapore Mutiny, also known as the 1915 Sepoy Mutiny, or Mutiny of the 5th Native Light Infantry was a mutiny involving up to half of 850 sepoys (Indian soldiers) against the British in Singapore during the First World War, part of the 1915 Ghadar Conspiracy. The mutiny, on 15 February 1915, lasted nearly seven days and resulted in the deaths of 47 British soldiers and local civilians, before it was finally quelled by British forces and Allied naval detachments. It was an event that not only caught the British off-guard but also shook the foundation of British rule in Singapore.More than 200 sepoys were tried by court-martial, and 47 were executed.The public executions by firing squad took place at Outram Prison, witnessed by an estimated 15,000 people. The Straits Times reported:The episode persuaded much of the British community in Singapore that they could no longer depend on Indian soldiers to garrison the colony. Although Japanese, French and Russian sailors and marines had helped to suppress the mutiny there was increasing doubt as to whether reliance could be placed on Britain's allies for future help in the perpetuation of their empire.
File:1915 Singapore Mutiny.jpg
1915_Singapore_Mutiny
read also:[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny

[2]http://historicalleys.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2009-12-06T10:47:00-08:00&max-results=1
In 1920, Friedrick Krohn, a member of the Thule Society, suggested the Hakenkreutz, a symbol used by the Thule Society, to Adolf Hitler for the nascent Nazi Party. An unlikely theory by French researchers Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier that it was Karl Haushofer (a Tibeto-phile from Germany), close to Rudolf Hess and also knew Hitler, who contributed to the idea ofHakenkreuz, the Nazi swastika. The Hakenkreuz was being used by the Nazi Party before Hitler met Haushofer.

Tibetan moves

It is known that Hitler sent his scientific advisors for studies to Tibet (via Sikkim). These were anthropological studies and culture studies. During Hitler’s short reign, a German expedition went to Tibet (at Tibet’s invitation), led by Ernst Schäfer, included Bruno Berger, H.A. Lettow, (from the Himmler’s SS group)

Heinrich Harrer
BornJuly 6, 1912
Hüttenberg, Austria
DiedJanuary 7, 2006 (aged 93)
Friesach, Austria
NationalityAustrian
Alma materUniversity of Graz
OccupationMountaineer, sportsman,geographer, andauthor
Known forThe White Spider and Seven Years in Tibet.
Website
www.harrerportfolio.com

Heinrich Harrer’s travels during WWII have become famous with Seven Years in Tibet film with Brad Pitt.


nternment in India

In 1939 Harrer joined a four-man expedition, led by Peter Aufschnaiter to the Diamir Face of the Nanga Parbat with the aim of finding an easier route to the peak. Having concluded that the face was viable, the four mountaineers were in Karachi at the end of August, waiting for a freighter to take them home. The ship being long overdue Harrer, Chicken and Lobenhoffer tried to reach Persia with their shaky car, but several hundred kilometers northwest of Karachiwere put under the "protection" of British soldiers and escorted back to Karachi, where Aufschnaiter had stayed on. Two days later war was declared and on September 3, 1939 all were put behind barbed wire to be transferred to a detention camp at Ahmednagar nearBombay two weeks later. They considered escaping to Portuguese Goa but when further transferred to Dehradun, to be detained there for years with 1,000 other enemy aliens, they found Tibet more promising, the final goal being the Japanese front inBurma or China.
Aufschnaiter and Harrer escaped and were re-captured a number of times before finally succeeding. On April 29, 1944 after lunch, Harrer and six others, including Rolf Magener and Heins von Have (disguised as British officers), Aufschnaiter, the Salzburger Bruno Treipel (aka Treipl) and the Berliners Hans Kopp and Sattler (disguised as native Indian workers), walked out of the camp. Magener and von Have took the train to Calcutta and from there found their way to the Japanese army in Burma.[5][6] The others headed for the closest border. After Sattler gave up on May 10, the remaining four entered Tibet on May 17, 1944, crossing the Tsang Chok-la Pass (5,896 metres or 19,350 feet) and thereafter split into two groups: Harrer and Kopp, Aufschnaiter and Treipel. On June 17 Treipel, exhausted, bought himself a horse and rode back to the lowlands. Several months later, when the remaining three were still without visas for Tibet, Kopp also gave up and left for Nepal (where he was handed over to the British within few days).

Seven years in Tibet

Aufschnaiter and Harrer, helped by the former's knowledge of the Tibetan language, proceeded to the capital of Lhasa which they reached on January 15, 1946, having crossed Western Tibet (passing holy Mount Kailash), the South-West with Gyirong County and the NorthernChangthang Plateau. Harrer became a friend of the young 14th Dalai Lama, who had summoned him to the Potala Palace after having seen him repeatedly in the streets below the palace through his telescope. He taught the Dalai Lama (who was eleven years old 
when they met) much about the outside world and effectively served as his tutor, in subjects ranging from geography to English.
read also :-http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/your-shot/your-shot 

The story OF Maharaja of Baroda, Sayaji Rao Gaekwad:- Maharaja of Baroda, Sayaji Rao Gaekwad, The legendary Maharaja is said to have been adopted by the Royal family. The story goes that as a young boy he was asked by the queen as to why he was called to the Palace and the boy grandly announced with confidence , ‘I have come here to rule !!’ Mighty impressed he was appointed the heir apparent. He did a greatly reformed the kingdom of Baroda. When Dr BR Ambedkar did not have the money to study further, It was this Maharaja who sponsored his education in Britain of this brilliant student from the backward classes of the society which was unthinkable back then, Who would later on go on to write our constitution !{ In a smiliar fashion it was the Mahraja of Mysore, Chamarajendra Wodeyer who would partly sponsor the trip of Swami Vivekananda to America to attend the first international religion parliament in Chicago in 1893, where he gave his famous speech on Hindu Religion which is still remembered to this day ! Infact one the main thoroughfares in Baroda was named after Chamarajendra Wodeyar which is now popularly known as Palace Road ! Chamarajendra Wodeyar was an adopted Maharaja too !! And as per one of the stories on the origins of the Wodeyar Dynasty, The very first King Yaduraya is said to have come from Dwarka in Gujarat. AND Sayaji Rao Road, the main thoroughfare in Mysore is named after the Maharaja of Baroda, ;Raja Ravi VermaThe famous Fateh Singh Museum of Baroda boasts of good collections of painting of Raja Ravi Verma’s painting, And it sure is a very good collection indeed. It was this famous painter who introduced water colours to India ;;The Jagan Mohan Art Gallery in Mysore too has some priceless collection of Raja Ravi Verma !}
Adolf Hitler’s Maybach and the Maharaja of Patiala:-

Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, the man who was gifted Maybach by Adolf Hitler
A Mercedes benz 540K that was a present from Adolf Hitler to King Farouk I on the occasion of his wedding to queen Farida in 1938:-


Iraq's Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki (2nd R) inspects a 1932 Mercedes Benz, presented at a cultural exhibition to mark "Baghdad Day", 17 November 2007, in the Iraqi capital. The car was given as a gift from Nazi leader Adolph Hitler to Iraqi King Ghazi.


in 1941, Hitler sent two bombers to Iraqi leader Rashid Ali al-Gailani who had staged a coup against the pro-western government of Prime Minister General Nuri as-Said who had severed ties with Germany and signed an agreement of cooperation with Great Britain. Ali was also a General but he opposed the British and, upon gaining power, turned off the oil pipeline to the Mediterranean which Britain needed in its war effort.
read also:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_as-Said










Hitler's Gift Did No Good
Hitler's Gift Did No Good
The Brits landed a brigade who fought successfully against 9000 Iraqis. Ali responded by cutting off a British airbase and on May 12, 1941 Hitler was so enthused that he not only sent two bombers but also a big shot major who would serve as an advisor. Well, Major Axel von Blomberg didn’t get the chance. Seems he flew right into an air battle between the Brits and Iraqis and Blomberg was killed by a stray English bullet. Two weeks later, Iraq surrendered al-Said was put back in the throne of power and the original 1930 cooperation agreement was re-established with the English. Iraq became a key element in the American and British fight in World War II and in the beginning of 1942 Iraq was the first Muslim nation to declare war on Hitler and the Axis powers. 
 



The 540k Roadster that Hitler gave Stalin as a gift (but Stalin found it too ostentatious).


 MAHATMA GANDHI AND HITLER:-
in his first letter dd. 23 July 1939 to Hitler:-


Gandhi to Hitler


Friends have been urging me to write to you for the sake of humanity. But I have resisted their request, because of the feeling that any letter from me would be an imper tinence." But the sense of impending war, after the German oc cupation of Czech-inhabited Bohemia-Moravia (in violation of the 1938 Munich agreement and of the principle of the "self-determination of nations" which had justified the annexation of German-inhabited Austria and Sudetenland) and rising hostility with Poland, prompted him to set aside his scruples: "Something tells me that I must not calculate and that I must make my appeal for whatever it may be worth." Even so, the end of his letter is again beset with scruples and modesty: "Anyway I anticipate your forgiveness, if I have erred in writing to you.
"It is quite clear that you are today the one person in the world who can prevent a war which may reduce humanity to the savage state. Must you pay that price for an object however worthy it may appear to you to be? Will you listen to the appeal of one who has deliberately shunned the method of war not without considerable success?"

Gandhi would not have been Gandhi if he hadn't attempted to prevent World War 2. This was, to our knowledge, the single most lethal war in world history, with a death toll estimated as up to 50 million, not mentioning the even larger number of refugees, widows and orphans, people deported, people maimed, lives broken by the various horrors of war.
If Gandhi could approach heartless fanatics like Mohammed Ali Jinnah in a spirit of friendship, there is no reason why he should have withheld his offer of friendship from Hitler.





Gandhi's second letter to Hitler:-
"But your own writings and pronouncements and those of your friends and admirers leave no room for doubt that many of your acts are monstrous and unbecoming of human dignity, especial ly in the estimation of men like me who believe in human friendline ss. Such are your humiliation of Czechoslovakia, the rape of Poland and the swallowing of Denmark. I am aware that your view of life regards such spoliations as virtuous acts. But we have been taught from childhood to regard them as acts degrading humanity.""Hence we cannot possibly wish success to your arms.""We know what the British heel means for us and the non-European races of the world. But we would never wish to end the British rule with German aid
."[THIS SECOND LETTER TO HITLER WAS WRITTEN BEFORE GANDHI CAME TO KNOW ABOUT THE MASS KILLING OF MILLIONS OF JEWS AND HALF MILLION GYPSIES OF INDIAN ORIGIN BY HITLERS DEATH SQUADS]
In Gandhi's view, a violent winner is bound to be defeated by superior force in the end (a prediction proven true in Hitler's case), and even the memory of his victory will be tainted by its violent nature: "If not the British, some other power will certainly improve upon your method and beat you with your own weapon. You are leaving no legacy to your people of which they would
Feel proud
On this occasion, Gandhi took the trouble of justifying his addressing Hitler as "my friend" and closing his letter with "your sincere friend", in a brief statement of what exactly he stood for: "That I address you as a friend is no formality. I own no foes. My business in life has been for the past 33 years to enlist the friendship of the whole of humanity by befriending mankind, irrespec­tive of race, colour or creed."

 {IN FACT MAHATMA GANDHI STARTED MANY LETTERS WITH "MY DEAR FRIEND"FOR EXAMPLE HE WROTE TO BRITISH VICEROY BEFORE SALT SATYAGRAHA :-. 

First Letter to Lord Irwin (1930)
by Mohandas K. Gandhi
March 2, 1930 letter to Viceroy, Lord Irwin, announcing plans for Salt Satyagraha
WHY I REGARD THE BRITISH RULE AS A CURSE!
Dear Friend,
Before embarking on Civil Disobedience and taking the risk I have dreaded to take all these years, I would fain approach you and find a way out. My personal faith is absolutely dear. I cannot intentionally hurt any thing that lives, much less fellow-human beings even though they may do the greatest wrong to me and mine. Whilst therefore I hold British rule to be a curse, I do not intend to harm a single Englishman or any legitimate interest he may have in India.
I must not be misunderstood. Though I hold the British rule in India to be a curse, I do not therefore consider Englishmen in general to be worse than any other people on earth. I have the privilege of claiming many Englishmen as dearest friends. Indeed much that I have learnt of the evil of British rule is due to the writings of frank and courageous Englishmen who have not hesitated to tell the unpalatable truth about that rule.
And why do I regard the British rule as a curse?
It has impoverished the dumb millions by a system of progressive exploitation and---------


Right against might:-[GANDHI'S LETTER]

File:Right against might.jpg

File:Salt Satyagraha.jpg

Gandhi at Dandi 5 April 1930:-[REMOVING SALT ]


File:Gandhi at Dandi 5 April 1930.jpg



In London to see The king 
King's Questions, Mahatma's Answers -click and read:http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742602,00.html

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MAHATMA GANDHI AND SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE


NEHRU AND BOSE


EINSTEIN ON MAHATMA GANDHI

 SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND HITLER AND JAPAN-SECOND WORLD WAR:-[Bose got throgh the coveted ICS but resigned to enter the freedom movement. Later once he met famous Bengali saint Mata Anandmayi Ma who adised him to quit politics and get into spirituality. She said you have the potential to attain enlightement so don't waste your life in politics. Bose said, "I know that, but I have decided that this life ;I will it ,for Mother India. Next life I'll give to spiritual] pursuits."
 Bose travelled to the Soviet border in a diplomat car,then-lomatic car, took a -train to Moscow, and then flew to Berlin.Bose remained in Germany for the next two years. He offered the Germans a deal. If they helped him, he said, he could trigger a revolution in India. Having to deal with a revolutionary situation in India would distract British forces from the war against Germany. In the process, Britain would lose the war with Germany, and lose India simultaneously. This was the big picture. To bring all this about, Bose put forward several ideas. Some of these he accomplished; in others areas he was frustrated. Let's look at his political objectives first.
Bose wanted facilities for broadcasting radio messages into India. This the Germans readily provided, and he made regular speeches directed at the Indian public. In his broadcasts, Bose urged people to use the war as an opportunity to break free. Germany would win the war, and the British should not be allowed to hang on in India. The first broadcasts created a sensation in India,
Bose's other major accomplishment in Germany was organizing the Indian Legion. In the course of the fighting in north Africa, the Germans had taken thousands of Indians as prisoners 

read also:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Legion
field marshal Erwin Rommel meeting Indian soldiersof 'freies indien legion'
The Famous German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel meeting the Indian soldiers of the Freies Indien Legion
It was not easy putting this force together. Initially, when Bose visited the POW camps to talk to the soldiers, he got a hostile reception. The British Indian Army may have been an army without a nationalist ideology, but it would be a mistake to think of it as a purely mercenary force. The colonial army had its own ideology, which was a combination of loyalty to the British throne, loyalty to the commanding officer, loyalty to the regiment,
Bose went to the POW camps, and asked the Indian soldiers to join him to fight against the British. This idea was not entirely new. An expatriate Indian named Mohammed lqbal Shedai had already made a start organizing Indian POWs captured by the Italians. For a while, Bose and Shedai ran parallel efforts with the POW s. Then the Indian soldiers in Shedai's camp mutinied, This discredited Shedai, and left Bose as the only Indian organising an army to fight on the side of the Axis.
Ultimately, the Indian Legion that Bose organized in Germany numbered about 3000 soldiers. 
The 950th Indian Regiment, as the Legion was officially designated, left its footprints in the battlefields of France and Germany.
The end:-Towards the end of world war 2 the indian regiment tried to escape from Germany to switzerland through Alps mountain ;but were captured by American and free French soldiers in march 1945.
While its dream of crossing the Caucasus along with its allies, the German Armed Forces, and entering India from the Northwest, did not materialize in reality, its extension and successor, India's army of liberation in the east, did enter the country from the opposite direction, thus fulfilling the cherished dream of Netaji and his soldiers. Not only that, as we shall see subsequently, but that army made the mightiest contribution toward finally ending an imperialist rule in India.
Those who fell into the hands of the French had to suffer very cruel treatment. Several were shot, while others died in prison camps in miserable conditions. The rest were eventually handed over to the British .

Legionnaires were recruited from German POW camps
Netaji in GERMANY DURING SECOND WORLD WAR 

Bose's biggest frustration in Germany had to do with diplomatic recognition. He wanted Germany to officially recognize India as independent, and him as the leader of a government in exile. This the Germans refused to give him. The reasons lay partly in apathy, partly in the Master Race mentality, and partly in the peculiarities of Hitler's vision of the post-war world.

[a.jpg]

Hitler was not entirely comfortable with the idea of helping Indians - whom he saw as racially inferior - to defeat the British. The British were Aryans, after all. In his own way, Hitler admired the English, and through much of the war he continued to hope that he could come to some kind of an understanding with Britain:essentially, that Germany would get a free hand in Europe, and England would get to keep most of its empire. He was perfectly willing to use Bose to make trouble for the British, but he had no long-term interest in India's future, one way or another. Bose knew this, of course. He wanted to use the Germans for his own purposes. But eventually, as things turned out, neither was able to do very much for the other side.

What was Netaji's plan for leading this army to India? When the Germans launched out beyond Stalingrad into Central Asia, the Indian irregulars, trained at Messeritz, would accompany their Tajik and Uzbek counterparts along with the German Troops. After Uzbekistan and Afghanistan were reached the Indian Company would leap ahead of the German advance to disrupt the British-Indian defenses in northwestern India.
Netaji's plan, largely dependent on German Military successes in the Soviet Union, undoubtedly had a setback when the Wehrmacht was halted at Stalingrad. After the German retreat from that city, the plan for marching into India from the West had to be abandoned. The tide of war was turning swiftly, calling for devising new strategies on the part of NetajiAfter the entry of Japan in World War II in December, Netaji was more eager to go as soon as possible to East Asia and fight beside Japan for India's liberation.the choice fell on a submarine. Germany agreed to carry Bose up to a certain unknown point in the east and asked that a Japanese submarine be pressed into service thence forward.On 8 February 1943, accompanied by Keppler, Nambiar and Werth, Netaji arrived at the port of Kiel where a German submarine under the command of Werner Musenberg was waiting for him.
On 15 February 1942, Singapore fell to the Japanese army advancing southward from the Malayan peninsula. Two days later, in an impressive ceremony held at Farrar Park in the heart of the town, Indian troops were handed over to the Japanese as prisoners-of-war by their commanding officer, Colonel Hunt.
by pre-arrangement, a Japanese submarine left Penang Island on 20 April for the tip of Africa, under strict orders not to attack or risk detection. The two submarines had a rendevous four hundred miles south-southwest of Madagascar on 26 April. After sighting each other and confirming their identity, the submarines waited for a day for the sea to become calm. Then on 28 April, in what was known to be the only known submarine-to-submarine transfer of passengers (in the annals of World War II) in an area dominated by the enemy's air and naval strength, Netaji and Abid Hasan were transhipped into the Japanese submarine via a rubber raft. Travelling across the ocean, the Japanese 1-29 reached Sabang on 6 May, 1943. It was an isolated offshore islet north of Sumatra. There, Netaji was welcomed by Colonel Yamamoto, who was the head of the Hikari Kikan, the Japanese-Indian liaison group. From Sabang, Netaji and Yamamoto left for Tokyo by plane, stopping en route at Penang, Manila, Saigon and Taiwan. The plane landed in Tokyo on 16 May. All throughout his submarine voyage from Germany and for about a month after his arrival in Tokyo, Netaji's identity and presence was kept a secret.
The crew of the japanese submarine I-29 after the rendevous with the german submarine U-180 300 sm southeast from Madagaskar. At bottom left is the Indian nationalist Subhas Chandra Bose.
He was supposed to be a Japanese VIP named Matsuda. Although he remained incognito during the first few weeks in Japan, Netaji did not waste any time by just waiting. From 17 May onwards, he met Japanese Army and Navy Chiefs-of-Staff, Navy Minister and Foreign Minister in rapid succession. However, he had to wait for nearly three weeks before Japanese PrimeMinister Tojo granted him an interview. But Tojo was so impressed with Netaji's personality that he offered to meet him again after four days. Two days later, on 16 June, Netaji was invited to visit the Diet (the Japanese Parliament) where Tojo surprised him

hideki tojo of japan


with his historic declaration on India:
We are indignant about the fact that India is still under the ruthless suppression of Britain and are in full sympathy with her desperate struggle for independence. We are determined to extend every possible assistance to the cause of India's independence. It is our belief that the day is not far off when India will enjoy freedom and prosperity after winning independence.


















Devnagari scriptRomanised HindiTranslation (Approximate)[INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY MARCHING SONG UNDER SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE DURING WORLD WAR 2]
कदम कदम बढ़ाये जा
खुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये जिंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जातू शेर-ए-हिन्द आगे बढ़
मरने से तू कभी न डर
उड़ा के दुश्मनों का सर
जोश-ए-वतन बढ़ाये जाकदम कदम बढ़ाये जा
खुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये जिंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जाहिम्मत तेरी बढ़ती रहे
खुदा तेरी सुनता रहे
जो सामने तेरे खड़े
तू खाक में मिलाये जाकदम कदम बढ़ाये जा
खुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये जिंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जाचलो दिल्ली पुकार के
ग़म-ए-निशाँ संभाल के
लाल क़िले पे गाड़ के
लहराये जा लहराये जाकदम कदम बढ़ाये जा
खुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये जिंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा
Kadam kadam baṛāē jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zīndagi haiñ kâum kī
tū kâum pē lūtāē jātū shēr-ē-hind āgē baṛ
marnē sē tū kabhī nā daṛ
Ūṛākē dushmanō kā saṛ
jōsh-ē-vatan baṛāē jāKadam kadam baṛāē jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zīndagi haiñ kâum kī
tū kâum pē lūtāē jāhimmat tēr baṛtī rahē
khuda tērī suntā rahē
jō sāmnē tērē khaṛē
tū khāñk mē milāē jāKadam kadam baṛāē jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zndagi haiñ kâum kī
tū kâum pē lūtāē jāChalō Dillī pūkār kē
kâumi-nishāñ sam.bhāl kē
Lāl qilē pē gāṛ kē
lahrāēñ jā lahrāēñ jāKadam kadam baṛāē jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zndagi haiñ kâum kī
tū kâum pē lūtāē jā

Take all your steps forward
Sing songs of happiness as you go
This life belongs to motherland
Lay it down for her a hundredfoldYou are the Tiger of India
Do not ever fear death
Blow away the enemy's head
Raise the spirits of your comradesTake all your steps forward
Sing songs of happiness as you go
Your life belongs to the motherland
Lay it down for her a hundredfoldYour courage is your strength
The Lord listens to you
As for he who stands in your way
Turn him into dust and stamp him into the groundTake all your steps forward
Sing songs of happiness as you go
This life belongs to motherland
Lay it down for her a hundredfold"For Delhi" you scream
Hold your banner high
Plant it on the Red Fort
And let it fly eternallyTake all your steps forward
Sing songs of happiness as you go
This life belongs to motherland
Lay it down for her a hundredfold









It was not until 18 June that Tokyo Radio announced Netaji's arrival. The news was reported in the Tokyo press the following day. At this announcement, the atmosphere was electrified overnight. The Axis press and radio stressed the significance of the event. The INA and the Indian independence movement suddenly assumed far greater importance in the eyes of all. On 19 June, Netaji held a press conference. This was followed by two broadcasts to publicize further his presence in East Asia, and during the course of these he unfolded his plan of action. As Ghosh describes, Bose's plan stood for the co-ordination of the nationalist forces within India and abroad to make it a gigantic movement powerful enough to overthrow the British rulers of India. The assumption on which Bose seemed to have based his grand scheme was that the internal conditions in India were ripe for a revolt. The no-cooperation movement must turn into an active revolt.
And to quote Netaji's own words during the press conference: "Civil disobedience must develop into armed struggle. And only when the Indian people have received the baptism of fire on a large scale would they be qualified to achieve freedom."[26] Netaji then embarked upon a series of meetings, press conferences. radio broadcasts and lectures in order to explain his immediate task to the people concerned, and the world.
Accompanied by Rashbehari Bose,
RASH BIHARI BOSE
Netaji arrived at Singapore from Tokyo on 27 June. He was given a tumultuous welcome by the resident Indians and was profusely 'garlanded' wherever he went. His speeches kept the listeners spellbound. By now, a legend had grown around him, and its magic infected his audiences. Addressing representatives of the Indian communities in East Asia on 4 July he said:
The next day, on 5 July, Netaji took over the command of the Indian National Army, now christened Azad Hind Fauj (Free India Army). Tojo arrived from Manila in time to review the parade of troops standing alongside with Bose
read also:- http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v03/v03p407_Borra.html

 
Subhas Chandra Bose in a Tokyo speech in 1945


 
… I want … a unit of brave Indian women to form a death-defying Regiment who will wield the sword which Rani of Jhansi wielded in India’s First War of Independence in 1857.”~ Bose
whether awarded any credit for India's independence or not, the events at the time show that the strategy of Azad Hind(derived from the embryo of the Free India Legion) of achieving independence from Britain by fermenting revolts and public unrests - although a militarily a failure- remains, politically a significant and historic success.
Romani people[GYPSY]of Indian origin;IN EUROPE and their mass killing by Hitler 1940-1945
{The first World Romani Congress was organized in 1971 near London, funded in part by the World Council of Churches and the Government of India. It was attended by representatives from India and 20 other countries. At the congress, the green and blue flag from the 1933 conference, embellished with the red, sixteen-spoked chakra, was reaffirmed as the national emblem of the Romani people, and the anthem, "Gelem, Gelem" was adopted}
Flag of the Romani people
read also:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Romani_people 
The_Romani_people
NOMADIC INDIANS (WANDERING TRIBES) OF EUROPE ARE CALLED GYPSY,(OTHER NAMES FOR GYPSY -ROMA,SINTI )Origins:-Linguistic and genetic evidence indicates the Romanies originated from the Indian subcontinent, emigrating from India towards the northwest no earlier than the 11th century. The Romani are generally believed to have originated in central India, possibly in the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, migrating to northwest India (the Punjab region) around 250 B.C. In the centuries spent here, there may have been close interaction with such established groups as the Rajputs and the Jats. Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is believed to have occurred between 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D. Contemporary populations sometimes suggested as sharing a close relationship to the Romani are the Dom people of Central Asia and the Banjara of India. The emigration from India likely took place in the context of the raids by Mahmud of Ghazni As these soldiers were defeated, they were moved west with their families into theByzantine Empire of Europe. When the Romani people arrived in Europe, curiosity was soon followed by hostility
Europe, they were subject to ethnic cleansing, abduction of their children, and forced labor. In England, there were hangings and expulsions of the Romani; in France, branding and the shaving of heads

The migration of the Romanies through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe

“It was the wish of the all-powerful Reichsführer Adolf Hitler to have the Gypsies disappear from the face of the earth”
(SS Officer Percy Broad, Auschwitz Political Division)

“One exhibit [at the Holocaust Museum at Buchenwald] quotes SS chief Heinrich Himmler on December 8th, 1938, as calling for the ‘Final ‘Solution of the Gypsy Question,’ and cites his order of December 16th, 1942, to have all Gypsies remaining in Europe deported to Auschwitz.”

The genocide of the Sinti and Roma was carried out from the same motive of racial mania, with the same premeditation, with the same wish for the systematic and total extermination as the genocide of the Jews. Complete families from the very young to the very old were systematically murdered within the entire sphere of influence of the National Socialists”
Heydrich,
Heydrich with gestapo(secret police)chief
who had been entrusted with the ‘final solution of the Jewish question’ on 31st July 1941, shortly after the German invasion of the USSR, also included the Gypsies in his ‘final solution’. . . The senior SS officer and Chief of Police for the East, Dr. Landgraf, in Riga, informed Rosenberg’s Reich Commissioner for the East, Lohse, of the inclusion of the Gypsies in the ‘final solution’. Thereupon, Lohse gave the order, on 24th December 1941, that the Gypsies should be given the same treatment as the
Jews
Romanis are often live in low-class ghettos(shantytowns) , are subject to discrimination in jobs and school

ROMANI WOMAN 
Romani population of Europe lost more than 500.000 of their own people between 1933 and 1945. The Nazis and their allies persecuted, sterilized, imprisoned, tortured, shot and gassed the Roma in the concentration and death camps or in the forests.
Romani woman with German police officer and Nazi psychologist Dr Robert Ritter


Distribution of the Romani people in Europe (2007)






The Roma´s Holocaust - The Gypsy Holocaust [nazi killing]




Romani ANTHEM -JELEM JELEM -Gypsy/Roma Holocaust[




HITLER WAS NOT A FRIEND OF ANYBODY INCLUDING HIMSELF

HE WAS NOT A FRIEND OF GERMANS :-

WHEN HE REALISED THAT GERMANS ARE GOING TO GET DEFEATED IN SECOND WORLD WAR ,HIS ORDER WAS TO FIGHT TILL THE LAST ,TILL LAST GERMAN ALIVE ;SHOWS HIS "LOVE FOR GERMANS"

In march 1945 just before German defeat in second world war Hitler had announced his order for destruction of industrial communications, transportation,and production facilities threatened to be captured by the enemy.Speer said, ‘It’s no use to destroy everything the population would need to start a new life.’

Hitler said angrily, ‘Our people are losing the war They don’t deserve to survive " {shows his hate and contempt for Germans ---. HITLER WAS A MAD MAN }

HE WAS NOT A FRIEND OF HIMSELF :-

,WHEN HE DECIDED TO KILL HIMSELF (SUICIDE) THAN GET CAPTURED BY RUSSIANS

HE WAS NOT A FRIEND OF INDIANS:-

 [1938- British prime minister chamberlain meets Hitler; as a last try to prevent 2nd world war]

"Peace in Our life Time"said chamberlain
1938 LORD HALIFAX AND HITLER

During a meeting with Lord Halifax in 1938,
Hitler had pledged his support to the preservation of the British empire and offered his formula for dealing with the Indian National Congress:- "kill Gandhi, if that isn't enough then kill the other leaders too, if that isn't enough then two hundred more activists, and so on until the Indian people will give up the hope of independence."was advice of Hitler

HE WAS NOT A FRIEND OF BLACK SKIN PEOPLE ;[INCLUDING GYPSY INDIANS OF EUROPE] ;WHO WERE KILLED IN THOUSANDS-- IN GAS CHAMBERS:-

Deportation of Sinti and Roma in Asperg, May 22, 1940 --BY HITLERS DEATH SQUAD FOR KILLING IN GAS CHAMBERS

[SINTI AND ROMA OTHER NAMES FOR GYPSY INDIANS OF EUROPE]

Memorial for murdered Sinti in Düsseldorf-Lierenfeld-- GERMANY

\Memorial for Sinti murdered in Auschwitz AT RAVENSBURG -GERMANY
One of the most notable Sinti is Johann Trollmann, the 1933 boxing champion of Germany, who was killed by the Nazis.
The Sinto Häns'che Weisproduced a record in Germany in the 1970s in which he sang about the Poraimos (Romani Holocaust) in his own language. Many younger Germans first learned about this part of Holocaust history as a result of this recording
Romani arrivals in the Bełżec extermination camp await instructions

Estimated losses by countryThe following figures from Ian Hancock as quoted in History of the Holocaust: a handbook and dictionary comprise one of the most comprehensive estimate of Romani losses.

The gas chamber in the main Auschwitz camp WHERE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WERE GASSED AND KILLED
1942 – The Lidice Massacre: On direct orders from Heinrich Himmler, the Czech village of Lidice was completely destroyed by German forces in reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. All 192 men over 16 years of age from the village were murdered on the spot by the Germans in a much publicized atrocity. The rest of the population were sent to Nazi concentration camps where many women and nearly all the children were killed.



Senator Alben W. Barkley, a member of the US Congressional Nazi crimes committee visiting Buchenwaldconcentration camp shortly after its liberation.






Country↓
Estimated Pre-War Romani population↓
Estimated Romani population annihilated↓
11,200
6,500
600
400
13,000
5,500
28,500
28,000
1,000
1,000
42,000
14,000
20,000
15,000
300
200
100,000
28,000
25,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
200
200
50,000
13,000
300,000
36,000
60,000
12,000
80,000
2,000
100,000
30,000
Total
833,800
195,800

Medical experiments DONE ON GYPSIES AND JEWS IN HITLERS CONCENTRATION CAMPS:-






The most notorious of these physicians was Dr. Josef Mengele,
who worked in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

The last jew in Vinnitsa

PICTURE FROM AN EINSATZGRUPPEN SOLDIER’S PERSONAL ALBUM, LABELLED ON THE BACK AS “LAST JEW OF VINNITSA, IT SHOWS A MEMBER OF EINSATZGRUPPE D IS JUST ABOUT TO SHOOT A JEWISH MAN KNEELING BEFORE A FILLED MASS GRAVE IN VINNITSA, UKRAINE, IN 1941. ALL 28,000 JEWS FROM VINNITSA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS WERE MASSACRED AT THE TIME.

A British Army bulldozer pushes bodies into a mass grave at Belsen on April 19th, 1945



~1945 – The Bergen-Belsen death camp was liberated by the British 11th Armoured Division. 60,000 prisoners were found inside, most of them seriously ill. Another 13,000 corpses lay around the camp unburied. The scenes that greeted British troops were described by the BBC's Richard Dimbleby, who accompanied them:

"...Here over an acre of ground lay dead and dying people. You could not see which was which... The living lay with their heads against the corpses and around them moved the awful, ghostly procession of emaciated, aimless people, with nothing to do and with no hope of life, unable to move out of your way, unable to look at the terrible sights around them ... Babies had been born here, tiny wizened things that could not live ... A mother, driven mad, screamed at a British sentry to give her milk for her child, and thrust the tiny mite into his arms, then ran off, crying terribly. He opened the bundle and found the baby had been dead for days. 
This day at Belsen was the most horrible of my life."

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
His experiments included placing subjects in pressure chambers, testing drugs on them, freezing them, attempting to change eye color by injecting chemicals into children's eyes and various amputations and other brutal surgeries. The full extent of his work will never be known because the truckload of records he sent to Dr. Otmar von Verschuer at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute were destroyed by von Verschuer. Subjects who survived Mengele's experiments were almost always killed and dissected shortly afterwards.He seemed particularly keen on working with Romani children. He would bring them sweets and toys, and would personally take them to the gas chamber. They would call him "Onkel Mengele". Vera Alexander was a Jewish inmate at Auschwitz who looked after 50 sets of Romani twins:
“
I remember one set of twins in particular: Guido and Ina, aged about four. One day, Mengele took them away. When they returned, they were in a terrible state: they had been sewn together, back to back, like Siamese twins. Their wounds were infected and oozing pus. They screamed day and night. Then their parents– I remember the mother's name was Stella– managed to get some morphine and they killed the children in order to end their suffering.


Szczurowa massacre OF GYPSY INDIANS:-


The massacre in Szczurowa was the murder of 93 Romani people (also known as Gypsies), including children, women and the elderly, by German Nazi occupiers in the Polish village of Szczurowa on August 3, 1943. Between ten and twenty families of settled Romani had lived in Szczurowa for generations, alongside ethnic Poles with whom they had friendly and neighborly relations. They were integrated enough into the general community that there were several mixed marriages. On August 3, 1943 German police rounded up almost all the Romani inhabitants of the village and transported them to the local cemetery where they were shot. A list of all the victims has been preserved in the documents of the local church.
On May 8th, 1956, local inhabitants of the village and members of local veterans' associations erected a memorial stone with a suitable inscription at the sight of the mass grave of the victims. This became the first memorial commemorating victims of the Romani Holocaust in the world. The memorial is cared for by local schoolchildren and the memory of the tragedy is part of the local historical consciousness.

 “What did Hitler think of the people of his inner circle?”Hitler had no camaraderie with anyone:-
Hitler liked Speer but not as a friend
“Hitler talked about Rudolf Hess in a fond way, but called him a mad man
Bormann an ambitious man, a climber and opportunist.He was an obedient man, good to oversee the staff.but he wasn’t regarded by Hitler as a friend
HITLER AND BORMAN IN CAR
“Himmler thought like Hitler and was a good man to do his dirtywork, like running the concentration camps and xterminating the Jews, but Hitler was not friendly to him
HITLER AND HIMMLER
Goebbels was another who thought like Hitler and was completely loyal. He stayed with Hitler to the
PHOTO OF HITLER(MIDDLE)GOERING(LEFT)SPEER(RIGHT)
last.The two were close but not friendly.
Goering had been a top leader before the war. As the reversals came during the war, Hitler thought less of Goering, and one could not call him a friend
In early March 1945 Hitler had a private conference with Speer,It concerned concentration camps threatened to be overrun by enemy troops.“Hitler said,kill the prisoners and bury them,’”




THE IGNORANCE OF INDIANS ABOUT HITLER IS BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF IMPORTANCE GIVEN IN INDIAN SCHOOLS TO TEACH WORLD HISTORY
THIS LEADS TO IGNORANT PEOPLE PRAISING HITLER AND IGNORANT POLITICIANS "ADMIRING" HITLER !!


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