7th SEP-1st DEC 1931 2nd ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
Round Table Conference
The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences to formulate future constitution of India in the light of suggestions given by the Indian Leaders. In Indian Act 1919, it was said that new reforms will be introduced in Indian Act 1929. So they started planning for 1929 Act. In 1927 British Government appointed a commission to draft coming constitution which is called Simon Commission. There was no representative of Indians in this Commission that’s why all the parties decided to boycott of this commission except Shafi League. There was great resentment among Indians because they were waiting for last ten years. Congress wanted a clear declaration from British Government that the main aim of these conferences would be to draft a scheme for Dominion Status to India. On 19 June, 1930 British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald summoned the Indian Leader to attend these conferences. On 13 March, 1930 Gandhi decided to celebrate Independence Day and started Civil Disobedience Movement for complete independence of India. However, Muslim leaders stayed away from the movement because Hindus were exploiting the Muslim demand for their own rights. Muhammad Ali Jinnah had already given a proposal to British Prime Minister to settle down this issue in London. Gandhi had given ultimatum for the approval of Nehru Report. In this scenario, when the first Round Table Conference started M.K Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru were in the jail. Muhammad Ali Jauhar in April 1930 declared, ‘‘The aim of the movement was not to work for Indian independence but to make Muslims slave of Hindu Maha Sabah’’. Along with sixteen British members, there were fifty seven representatives from all Indian states and all parties except Indian National Congress. Muslim Leaders: Quaid-e-Azam, Sir Agha Khan, Muhammad Ali Jauhur, .Maulvi Fazl Haq and Sir Muhammad Shafi Hindu Mahasabha: B. S. Moonje and M.R. Jayakar Liberals: Tej Bahadur Sapru, C. Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri Sikh: Sardar Ujjal Singh Depressed Classes: B. R. Ambedkar Princely states: Akbar Hydari (Dewan of Hyderabad), Mirza Ismail (Diwan of Mysore), Kailas Narain Haksar of Gwalior, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner, Nawab Hamidullah Khan of Bhopal, K.S. Ranjitsinhji of Nawanagar, MaharajaJai Singh Prabhakar of Alwar and the rulers of Indore, Rewa, Dholpur, Koriya, Sangli and Sarila. After lengthy debate, it was decided that federal form of government will be established for India. The Central Executive would be responsible to Federal Legislature. Provinces will be given autonomy in their own affairs and Sindh will be considered a separate province with a responsible government. Two sub-committees were also appointed one will work out the detail of Federal form of government and the other one will sort out the problems of minorities. Both communities failed to reach any logical conclusion. On January 19, 1931, the first round table conference was officially finished. Lord Irwin decided that in the absence of Congress leaders the future of India could not be decided. On January 25, 1931, M.K Gandhi and his colleagues were released from jail and Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed. The Second Round Table Conference, lasted 7 September 1931 to 1st December 1931, made more controversies for British Government. Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar has died before that conference. To resolve the issues of federal and minorities, Gandhi appointed himself the member of both committees. In the absence of other representatives, he remained fail to resolve the issues. He presented already rejected Nehru Report to resolve the communal problem. Separate electorate for Untouchables in the award forced Gandhi to start fast unto death. On August 16, 1932, the British Government decided to give its famous Communal Award. In this Award, principle of Wieghtage was applied (Muslim lost majority in Punjab, Sikh got advantage in Punjab, Europeans got advantage in Bengal because of principle of Wieghtage). Sindh was awarded the status of separate province. Finally, Communal Award declared untouchables as a minority in India and thus the Hindus depressed classes were given a number of special seats. At that All India Muslim League was divided into two factions, both expressed their dissatisfaction on that Award. At last Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah decided to accept this award till alternative solution. The Hindu press considered it against the fundamental principle of nationalism for India. In the third Round Table Conference, November 17, 1932 to November 24, 1932, the Congress, and Labour Party did not take part. It was decided to setup a federal legislature in India consisting of elected representatives of the British India and of the representatives of the state to be nominated by respective ruler. To sum up, we can say that the first Conference did not gain success because of the absence of the Congress, the Hindu representative and the second Conference remained fail because of the presence of the Congress which even enhanced the level of hostility between the Hindu and the Muslims and the communal award proved even final blow to the relations of the two communities of Indian subcontinent. As result of these conferences British Government issued a White Paper based on the recommendations which was handed over to Select Committee. On July 4, 1935 a new constitution of India came into being which was approved by both of the Houses of the Parliament.
The first Round Table Conference which was held in London in 1930 included the Muslim League, the Liberals and the Princes of the Princely States. The Congressdid not attend the conference and started the non-cooperation movement. As it was the largest body of India which represent the whole of India no big decisions were made.
The Hindu representatives returned and asked Gandhi to stop the non-cooperation movement and join the next Round Table Conference. He signed the Irwin Gandhi Pact according to which Irwin agreed to release the prisoners while Gandhi agreed to stop the movement.
2nd Round Table Conference
The second Round Table Conference was held in 1931however it failed as Gandhi gave a hard line against the minorities and initiated the whole problem. This resulted in the lost of power of local bodies as well. The British government threatened to pass the act if no solution is reached within few weeks.
Jinnah sitting in front and listening to the views.
A number of representatives from Congress and Muslim League are listening to the proceedings
Third Round Table Conference
So to solve the problem in 1932, the final round of discussion started. Lord Irwin was replaced by Lord Wellington who was not ready to listen to the people and wanted everyone to follow whatever he says.Jinnah was not even invited. Before the conference Ramsay McDonald announced the Communal Award which was surely a huge mistake in its own. It declared Muslim majority in Hindu majority areas while Muslim minority in Muslim majority areas.
The Congress clearly was outraged and boycotted it. the Muslims however were weak and at least it was giving them something so they accepted.
These reasons were behind its failure.
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Round Table Conferences (India) - Wikipedia, the free ...
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This article is about Anglo-Indian round table conferences. For Dutch-Indonesian round ... 2 Second Round Table Conference (September – December 1931).Round Table Conferences, 1930-1932 | Making Britain
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The second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7 September ... Sir Mirza Ismail, M. R. Jayakar, Sir Cowasji Jehangir, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, ...Round Table Conferences (1930-33) |Quaid-e-Azam ...
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The conference was attended by prominent Muslim leaders like Jinnah, Shafi, Aga ... Before the second Round Table conference, Lord Irwin released Gandhi ...Round Table Conference - History PakHistory Pak
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The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences to ... Muslim Leaders: Quaid-e-Azam, Sir Agha Khan, Muhammad Ali Jauhur, . ... TheSecond Round Table Conference, lasted 7 September 1931 to 1st December ...Round Table Conferences - Allama Iqbal
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The First Round Table Conference was held in London, 1930 ... Haq, Nawab Chhatari, Mian Muhammad Shafi, The Aga Khan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, ... Quaid-i-Azam did not participate in the session of the second Round Table ...How successful were the three Round Table Conference of ...
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The Round Table Conferences were held in London in 1930, 1931 and 1932. But neither Gandhi nor Jinnah attended all of them. ... The Second Round Table Conference (1931) was attended by the Congress with high hopes of progress.A Brief History of India - Page 299 - Google Books Result
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1928 At a Congress-sponsored All-Parties Conference, Mahasabha members ... for minority representation; Jinnah joins the All-India Muslim Conference, which ... is produced in Bombay 1931–32 The second Round Table Conference, with ...Round Table Conferences failed-another cause of ...
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Feb 16, 2012 - The boycott of Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the later part as well. ... The second Round Table Conference was held in 1931however it ...Constitutional History of India - Page 96 - Google Books Result
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Mr. Jinnah insisted on his fourteen points to be accommodated, while Dr. B.R. ... TheSecond Round Table Conference (1931-32) In India, Lord Irwin had been ...The British Library - India Office Select Materials - Search ...
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