Monday 25 January 2016

26 JAN 1950 REPUBLIC DAY

26 JAN 1930 INDEPENDENCE DAY/REPUBLIC DAY

Republic Day (India)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Republic Day
Republic day
The original text of the Preamble to the Constitution of India. The Constitution of Indiacame into force on 26 January 1950
Observed by India
TypeNational holiday
CelebrationsParades, distribution of sweets in schools and cultural dances
Date26 January
Next time26 January 2016
FrequencyAnnual
Republic Day honors the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.[1]
The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent republic. 26 January was chosen as the Republic day because it was on this day in 1930 when the Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress as opposed to the Dominion status offered by the British Regime.
It is one of three national holidays in India, the other two being Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti.

History[edit]

President Rajendra Prasad (in the horse-drawn carriage) readies to take part in the first Republic Day parade onRajpath, New Delhi, in 1950.
India achieved independence from British rule on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations): India and Pakistan.[2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten asgovernor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates of coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947.[3] The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later, it came into effect throughout the nation.

Celebrations[edit]

The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.
In 2016, on the occasion of the 67th Republic Day, the Protocol Department of the Government of Maharashtra held its first parade on the lines of the Delhi Republic Day parade along the entire stretch of Marine Drive inMumbai.

Delhi Republic Day parade[edit]

Main article: Delhi Republic Day parade
Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi. Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting 3 days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.

Beating Retreat[edit]

Main article: Beating Retreat
The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.
The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem,Jana Gana Mana, by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[4][5][6]

Gallery[edit]

Republic Day parade chief guest[edit]

Countries invited as chief guests for the Republic Day parade. Erstwhile Yugoslavia (twice invited) has not been depicted in the map.
Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. During 1950-1954, Republic Day celebrations were organised at different venues (like Irwin Stadium, Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Grounds).[7] It was only starting 1955 when the parade in its present form was organised at Rajpath.[7] The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests. During 1950s-1970s, a number of NAM and Eastern Bloc countries were hosted by India. In the post-Cold War era, India has also invited several Western leaders on a state visit during the Republic Day. It is notable that before India fought bloody wars with China and Pakistan, leaders from these countries were invited as state guests for the Republic Day celebrations. Interestingly, Pakistan Food and Agriculture Minister was the second state guest from that country for Republic Day in 1965, a few days after which the two countries went to a war. Countries which have been invited multiple times include India's neighbours (Bhutan, and Sri Lanka), defence allies (Russia/USSR, France and Britain), trade partners (Brazil) and NAM allies (Nigeria and erstwhile Yugoslavia). Bhutan and France have the distinction of being the guest of honour for the maximum (four) number of times followed by three visits each from Mauritius and USSR/Russia.
YearGuest NameCountryNote
1950President Sukarno[8] Indonesia
1951King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah[9]   Nepal
1952—
1953—
1954King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck[10] Bhutan
1955Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad[11] PakistanFirst guest for parade at Rajpath [12]
1956—
1957—
1958Marshall Ye Jianying[13] China
1959—
1960Chairman Kliment Voroshilov[14] Soviet Union
1961Queen Elizabeth II[15] United Kingdom
1962—
1963King Norodom Sihanouk[16] Cambodia
1964—
1965Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid Pakistan2nd invitation
1966—
1967—
1968Chairman Alexei Kosygin Soviet Union2nd invitation
President Josip Broz Tito[17] Yugoslavia
1969Prime Minister Todor Zhivkov[18] Bulgaria
1970—
1971President Julius Nyerere[19] Tanzania
1972Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam [20] Mauritius
1973President Mobutu Sese Seko[21] Zaire
1974President Josip Broz Tito Yugoslavia2nd invitation
Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike[22] Sri Lanka
1975President Kenneth Kaunda[23] Zambia
1976Prime Minister Jacques Chirac[24] France
1977First Secretary Edward Gierek[25] Poland
1978President Patrick Hillery[26] Ireland
1979Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser[27] Australia
1980President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing France2nd invitation
1981President Jose Lopez Portillo[28] Mexico
1982King Juan Carlos I[29] Spain
1983President Shehu Shagari[30] Nigeria
1984King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[31] Bhutan2nd invitation
1985President Raúl Alfonsín[32] Argentina
1986Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou[33] Greece
1987President Alan Garcia[34] Peru
1988President Junius Jayewardene[35] Sri Lanka2nd invitation
1989General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh[36] Vietnam
1990Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth[37] Mauritius2nd invitation
1991President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom[38] Maldives
1992President Mário Soares[38] Portugal
1993Prime Minister John Major[38] United Kingdom2nd invitation
1994Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong[38] Singapore
1995President Nelson Mandela[39] South Africa
1996President Fernando Henrique Cardoso[40] Brazil
1997Prime Minister Basdeo Panday[40] Trinidad and Tobago
1998President Jacques Chirac[40] France3rd invitation
1999King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev[40]   Nepal2nd invitation
2000President Olusegun Obasanjo[41] Nigeria2nd invitation
2001President Abdelaziz Bouteflika[41] Algeria
2002President Cassam Uteem[41] Mauritius3rd invitation
2003President Mohammed Khatami[41] Iran
2004President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva [42] Brazil2nd invitation
2005King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[42] Bhutan3rd invitation
2006King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud[42] Saudi Arabia
2007President Vladimir Putin[42] Russia3rd invitation
2008President Nicolas Sarkozy[42] France4th invitation
2009President Nursultan Nazarbayev[42] Kazakhstan
2010President Lee Myung Bak[43] South Korea
2011President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[44][45] Indonesia2nd invitation
2012Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra[46] Thailand
2013King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck[47] Bhutan4th invitation
2014Prime Minister Shinzo Abe[48] Japan
2015President Barack Obama United StatesFirst U.S. President to be invited.[49]
2016President François Hollande France5th invitation[50][51]

See also[edit]

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