Thursday, 31 December 2015

1 JAN TODAY IN HISTORY DINVISHESH GHADAMODI

Today in Indian History
Events for January 1
1-January-1399Amir Timur left Delhi. He took the title 'Emperor of India' and recrossed the Indus on March 11.
1-January-1664Shivaji assumes royal title.
1-January-1664Shivaji marched towards Surat.
1-January-1851Publication of Marathi newspaper 'Gyanoday'.
1-January-1862Indian Penal Code and code of Criminal Procedure passed on October 6, 1860 came into force.
1-January-1874The first women magazine ""Bola Bodhini"" was publis
1-January-1877Queen Victoria was proclaimed as 'The Empress of India' in Delhi Darbar.
1-January-1879Edward M Forster, English novelist (Howards End, Passage to India), was born.
1-January-1880Money order system was introduced.
1-January-1891Sampurnanand, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born.
1-January-1892Mahadev Haribhai Desai, follower of Gandhiji, was born in Surat district.
1-January-1894Satyendranath Bose, Professor and famous Indian physics expert, was born, He worked with Albert Einstein for some time.
1-January-1897Girja Dayal Girish, great poet and writer, was born at Saraiyan Mahipat Singh, U.P.
1-January-1903Sen also produced the first publicity films of India--""Jaba Kusum Hair Oil'' and ''Edward's Anti-malaria Specific''. He also filmed the celebrations of the Coronation of King Edward VII at Calcutt
1-January-1903A vast crowd thronged the great plain outside Delhi today, waiting to hear the declaration that King Edward VII was Emperor of India. The crowd, clothed in brilliantly colored garments, was largely composed of common people who had come to the durbar to see India's princes pledge their fealty to the Emperor . The Duke of Connaught, representing King Edward, sat on the left of the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon of Kedleston, who sat on a throne surrounded by giant silver footstools. Lord Curzon spoke briefly, then read a message from the King, who expressed regret at not being present at the durbar and his wishes for ""the increasing prosperity of my Indian Empire."" Among the dignitaries in the amphi-theater were 600 veterans of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
1-January-1909Dattaram Dharmaji Hindlekar, cricketer (Indian batsman & wicket-keeper 1936-46), was born in Bombay.
1-January-1910Rajnath Pandey, great writer and educationist, was born in Pindra, Varanasi (U.P.).
1-January-1914Dhirendra Nath Mukherji, social worker, was born at Bankura, West Bengal.
1-January-1918Sir Edwin Lutyens was knighted in recognition of his quality of work at Delhi and his gratuitious services to the War Graves Commission.
1-January-1920P.M. Nadagouda, politician, was born at Mysore, Chitwadgi.
1-January-1920Seth Darbari Shah, great industrialist, was born in Ikhlas.
1-January-1924Krishna Mohan Jha, famous educationist, was born at Pokharia near Katihar (Purnea).
1-January-1926Mohammad Abdul Hye, educationist, was born at Alitangani, (Nowgong).
1-January-1931Gopi Chand Narang, great educationist and Urdu scholar, was born at Dukki.
1-January-1932Publication of Marathi Newspaper 'Sakal' started.
1-January-1934Raju V. Vikram, cricket test umpire for 2 tests from 1984-87, was born at Karnataka.
1-January-1944Sir Edwin Lutyens, the Builder of Rashtrapati Bhavan and England's most outstanding architect of his time, died.
1-January-1948India raised voice against Pakistani infilatration in the country. A complaint was lodged in the Security Council of United Nation on Kashmir invasion.
1-January-1948Orissa High Court was established at Cuttack for Orissa territory.
1-January-1949A ceasefire eventually came into force. Under UN supervision, a negotiated Cease Fire Line was drawn up on an actual holding basis pending future settlements. This meandering, and at places militarily illogical line, ran some 700 kilometres from Chhamb in the South to a map reference point NJ 9842 in Ladakh in the North. The fighting was to continue for 15 months, with heavy RIAF involvement throughout, but despite being continuously on an operational footing throughout this period, the re-organisation and modernisation of the service continued unabated.
1-January-1950Inauguration of National Chemical Laboratory at Mumbai.
1-January-1955Shantiswaroop Bhatnagar, famous Indian Chemical Expert, died.
1-January-1956No. 20 Squadron, Indian Air Force's first jet squadron equipped with Vampires, was formed and christened 'The Lightnings'.
1-January-1965This year was announced to be observed as the ""Year of International Co-operatio
1-January-1966Vimal Roy, film maker and producer, passed away.
1-January-1967Day's play in the Calcutta Test vs West Indies cancelled by riots.
1-January-1969B. Sivaraman was appointed as the Cabinet Secretary of India. He held this office till 30-11-1970
1-January-1972Indian states abolished the previous rulers of Privy purses and privileges.
1-January-1973Indian General Insurance Corporation nationalised.
1-January-1974This year was announced to be observed as the ""World Population Yea
1-January-1975Shankarrao Vasudev Kirloskar, famous iindustrialist, died.
1-January-1976Broadcasting of Commercial Advertisements on TV stations started.
1-January-1978Samrat (Emperor) Ashoka, Air India's first Jumbo-Jet Boeing 747, after explosion falls into Arabian Sea, killing 213 people. Nobody survived.
1-January-1979This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year of the Chil
1-January-1980This decade was announced to be observed as the ""International Decade of Water & Sanitatio
1-January-1981Colaba District renamed as Raigad District.
1-January-1981This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year for the Disable
1-January-1983This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Communications Yea
1-January-1985Doordarshan starts Malayalam telecast from Trivandrum.
1-January-1985United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the year as the ""International Youth Year""(IYY) with the theme ""Participation, Development and
1-January-1986Fourth Pay Commission implemented.
1-January-1986This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Peace Yea
1-January-1987United Nations General Assembly announced this year to be observed as the ""International Year of Shelter for the Homeless"" . (5-10-
1-January-1988The Officers Training School (OTS) was re-christened as Officers Training Academy. Besides training Indian nationals, 74 cadets from Sri Lanka have also been trained at the OTA.
1-January-1988On the Christan New Year Day, Maharashtra became the first state to launch a public campaign against smoking.
1-January-1989India and Pakistan sign three agreements.
1-January-1989The 4th annual SAARC summit concludes in Islamabad.
1-January-1989This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year of the Young Reade
1-January-1989Dinkar Sakrikar, editor of monthly magzine 'Purva' and socialist, passed away.
1-January-1991Bhanu Pratap Singh, Karnataka Governor, resigns. Goa governor Khurshid Alam Khan appointed in his place.
1-January-1992Petrol and diesel price hiked in 11 states to make it uniform all over the country.
1-January-1992This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Space Yea
1-January-1994Hindu Heritage Endowment, first Hindu international trust, was founded by Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami.
1-January-1994This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year of Famil
1-January-19958th World Tamil Conference begins in Madurai.
1-January-1995N.D.Tiwari steps down as president of UP Congress committee.
1-January-1995Raman Lamba & Ravi Sehgal score 464 for 1st wicket for Delhi.
1-January-1995This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year of Toleranc
1-January-199730-year Ganga water sharing treaty between India and Bangladesh takes effect.
1-January-1998The Election Commission announces the poll schedule for the 12th Lok Sabha. The polling will be on February 16, 22, 28 and March 7. Simultaneously, elections are to be held for the Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh Assemblies.
1-January-1999This year was announced to be observed as the ""International Year of Elderly"". Gopinath Bardoloi was awarded the highest civilian award Bharat Ratna. (30th January, 199
1-January-1999George Fernandes, Defence Minister, said the sacked Naval Chief, Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat, had been displaying ""disturbing tendencies"" for over a year and even threatened his successor, Admiral Sushil Kumar, with court mart







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31 DEC 1674 MARCOIS MARTIN FOUNDED PONDICHERRY

Puducherry



Union territory, India
Alternative titles: Pondicherry; Pondichéry; Putucceri

Puducherry, original name Putucceri, formerly (until 2006) Pondicherry, also spelled Pondichéry,  Pondicherry Engineering College [Credit: Jay Sivagnaname]union territory of India. It was formed in 1962 out of the four former colonies of French India: Pondicherry (now Puducherry) and Karaikal along India’s southeastern Coromandel Coast, surrounded by Tamil Nadu state;Yanam, farther north along the eastern coast in the delta region of theGodavari River, surrounded by Andhra Pradesh state; and Mahe, lying on the western Malabar Coast, surrounded by Kerala state. The territory’s capital is the city of Puducherryin the Puducherry sector, just north of Cuddalore.
The original name of the territory, Putucceri, is derived from the Tamil words putu (“new”) and ceri(“village”). The French corrupted this to Pondichéry (English: Pondicherry), by which it was called until its name was officially changed to Puducherry in 2006. Area 190 square miles (492 square km). Pop. (2011) 1,244,464.

Geography

All four areas of the territory are seaside tourist resorts. The city of Puducherry is divided into two parts by a canal, and all the main streets, running parallel to one another, lead to the open roadstead offshore. The port of Puducherry does not have a harbour, and ships are forced to lie about 1 to 2 miles (1.5 to 3 km) offshore, but its roadstead was once considered the best on the Coromandel Coast. There are a promenade, a landing place for cargo, and a pier. In and around the city are artesian wells that supply a large quantity of water for irrigation, the chief local crops being rice, sugarcane, cotton, and peanuts (groundnuts). The main industries are food processing and the manufacture of electrical appliances, textiles, paper, and lumber. The Puducherry area has about 300 villages and hamlets.
The Karaikal sector, south of the Puducherry sector, is in the fertile Kaveri River delta, in one of the most important rice-producing areas of India. The exceptional fertility of the region is to some extent reflected in the unusually high density of its rural population. The town is on the Mayavaram-Peralam route, a branchline of the southern railway.
The Mahe sector consists of two parts: the quaint picturesque town of Mahe, with its buildings situated on the left bank of the Mahe River close to its mouth; and the isolated tract known as Naluthrara, on the right bank, comprising the four villages of Chambara, Chalakara, Palour, and Pandaquel. Rice is the chief crop grown in the sector.
Yanam is a small town on the bank of a branch of the Godavari River, about 400 miles (650 km) north of the city of Chennai (Madras), near Kakinada.
The major languages spoken in the areas are Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu. Tamil is predominant in the southern settlements of Puducherry and Karaikal; Malayalam is predominant in Mahe; and Telugu is spoken mainly in Yanam. Other significant languages in the territory include Urdu, French, Kannada, Hindi, Gujarati, English, and Marathi.
Hindus form the majority in all four regions; Muslims are an important minority in Karaikal, Mahe, and Yanam; and Christians are numerous in Puducherry. There are also a few Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains.
There are no heavy industries or mining in the union territory; it purchases its entire power requirement from nearby states. Puducherry is governed by a lieutenant governor who is advised by a chief minister and a Council of Ministers. The jurisdiction of the Madras High Court extends over the union territory.
Puducherry contains the Hindu ashram (religious retreat) of the philosopher Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950), as well as Auroville, the international township and study centre that was named for him. The Romain Rolland Public Library houses some rare French volumes. A medical college, a law college, an engineering college, and several other colleges for general education are affiliated with the University of Madras.

History

The French East India Company (formed by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1666) established a settlement in 1668 at Surat and another in 1674 at Pondicherry (now Puducherry). The company’s director, François Martin, made Pondicherry the capital of the French posts. Mahe was founded in 1725, followed byYanam in 1731 and Karaikal in 1739. French concerns multiplied in Bengal, with Chandernagore(Chandannagar) as centre, especially after 1730 under the direction of Joseph-François Dupleix, who in 1742 was appointed general director.
From 1763 the French establishments in India, which were under the authority of the king after the abolition of the company in 1769, comprised—apart from a few small posts (loges)—no more than five settlements of moderate size: Chandernagore in Bengal, Yanam at the mouth of the Godavara River, Pondicherry and Karaikal on the Coromandel Coast, and Mahe on the Malabar Coast. The English conquest of India lessened the commercial activity of the French settlements. They were occupied by the English in 1778 and again in 1793, but in 1816 they were returned to France. The Second Republic of France granted them local government and representation in the French parliament. Under the Second Empire of France, commercial liberalism and Anglo-French understanding gave these settlements a fleeting moment of prosperity.
In 1947 the loges were given back to independent India. Chandernagore was finally transferred in 1951. De facto transfer of the four remaining French possessions to the Union of India took place on Nov. 1, 1954, and de jure transfer was completed on May 28, 1956. Instruments of ratification were signed on Aug. 16, 1962, from which date Pondicherry, consisting of the four enclaves, became a union territory. The territory formally took the name Puducherry in 2006.
Ed.

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